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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\/\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645\u060c \u063583.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u063545\u201346.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u063545\u201346 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\/\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u0645\u060c \u0635126-127 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0632\u0647\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u0645\u060c \u06351 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2017\u0645\u060c \u0635128.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0635113 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\/\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06372.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635120 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> &nbsp;&nbsp;Nicholson, Literary History of the Arabs, (Cambridge: university press, 1953), p. 369\u2013370.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \/ \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5844,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-40"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5843","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5843"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5843\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5845,"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5843\/revisions\/5845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/albylad.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}